Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• without ZnO NPs, Zn concentration was 0.36 mg/g, while at the highest ZnO NPs tested dose of 10,000 mg/L, it significantly rose to 1.76 mg/g, causing leaf chlorosis and stunted seedling growth. This suggests potential health risks related to Zn toxicity for consumers. Given the adverse effects on R

• -tolerant species. Keywords: phytotoxicity; Raphanus sativus; ZnO nanoparticles; Zn tolerance; Zn toxicity; Introduction Despite zinc (Zn) being recognized as an important micronutrient for all living organisms, exceeding the permissible levels of Zn concentration due to anthropogenic sources can be